AX-2026-043011

L-Glutathione (reduced) · 200 mg declared · Xi'an Mokemei Biotechnology Co., Ltd. · lot MKM-2602-X4844

MARGINALPURITY ONLY

Report ID: AX-2026-043011
Compound: L-Glutathione (reduced)
Compound class: Short bioregulator peptides
Supplier: MKM — Xi'an Mokemei Biotechnology Co., Ltd.
Batch / lot: MKM-2602-X4844
Declared label claim: 200mg
Laboratory: Nordanalyt Laboratories
Assay date: 11 Apr 2026
Submitted: 04 May 2026
Quarter: 2026-Q2
Submitter: ju.iyer
Sample provenance: Buyer-sourced

Section 1

Results

Measured against the index acceptance specification for the short bioregulator peptides class. A specification is a decision the index made; a result is a measurement. See where each threshold came from.

Parameter	Method	Result	Unit	Index spec
Purity	RP-HPLC, 35 min gradient, 214 nm	98.50	% area	≥ 98.5	PASS
Total impurities	RP-HPLC, sum of reported peaks	1.50	% area	≤ 1.5	PASS
Largest single impurity	RP-HPLC — glutathione disulfide (GSSG, +305 Da)	0.94	% area	≤ 1.00	PASS
Identity	not ordered on this submission	not determined	—	required for VERIFIED status	NOT TESTED
Total peptide content	by difference from the gravimetric mass balance	90.17	%w/w	—	NOT TESTED
Target-compound content	total peptide content × purity	88.82	%w/w	—	NOT TESTED
Gross fill (as weighed)	five-place balance, under nitrogen	210.39	mg	200 mg declared	NOT TESTED
Recovered target peptide	gross fill × target content	186.868	mg	200 mg claim	NOT TESTED
Recovery against label claim	recovered ÷ claim	93.4	%	90.0 – 110.0	PASS
Water content	Karl Fischer, coulometric, duplicate	8.95	%	≤ 12.0	PASS
Counter-ion	no ionisable counter-ion expected	N/A	—	not applicable	NOT TESTED
Residual solvent + inorganic residue	estimated — see /methods/residual-solvents-q3c/	0.88	%	—	NOT TESTED
Endotoxin	not ordered on this submission	not determined	—	≤ 5.0	NOT TESTED
Sterility	not ordered on this submission	not determined	—	no growth	NOT TESTED
Appearance	visual, diffuse light, black and white background	White lyophilised cake, intact	—	white to off-white intact cake	PASS
Reconstitution clarity	reconstituted per submitter procedure	Clear, colourless, no visible particulates	—	clear, no visible particulates	PASS
pH (reconstituted, 1 mg/mL)	potentiometric, two-point calibration	7.31	—	2.5 – 8.0	PASS
Retention time (observed)	RP-HPLC, 35 min gradient	4.86	min	4.94 ± 0.20 (normalised)	PASS
Peak asymmetry (10 % height)	Ph. Eur. 2.2.46	1.21	—	0.80 – 1.50	PASS
Plate count, main peak	N = 5.54 (t/w½)²	58,527	—	≥ 20,000	PASS
Resolution to nearest impurity	vs S-sulfonate adduct (+80 Da)	1.98	—	no index criterion	REPORTED

Section 2

Chromatogram and peak integration

The figure is drawn from the table. It is not an independent illustration — if a number in the table changed, the trace would change with it.

Figure 1. RP-HPLC trace, 35 min gradient, 214 nm. Drawn from the peak-integration table below: peak positions are the reported retention times, peak areas are the reported area percentages, peak widths follow the reported plate count of 58,527, and skew follows the reported asymmetry factor of 1.21. Baseline noise is seeded from the report ID and is illustrative. The lower panel is the same trace at a stated vertical expansion with the slow gradient drift subtracted, because at full scale a 0.94 % impurity against a 98.50 % main peak is a line two pixels tall; the main peak runs off-scale there by design.

#	Peak	RT	Area (µV·s)	% area	Δ mass (Da)
1	L-Glutathione (reduced) — main peak	4.86	4,787,405	98.50	—
2	glutathione disulfide (GSSG, +305 Da)	5.47	45,687	0.94	+304.984
3	cysteinyl-glycine (−129 Da)	4.58	15,553	0.32	-129.043
4	γ-Glu-Cys (−57 Da)	4.65	6,318	0.13	-57.021
5	S-sulfonate adduct (+80 Da)	4.70	5,346	0.11	+79.957
Closure check — purity + Σ impurities				100.00	CLOSES

Reporting threshold 0.05 % area. Peaks below it are not reported and are therefore excluded from the total, which overstates purity by their sum — see peak integration.

Section 4

Gravimetric mass balance

Water, counter-ion, residual and total peptide content are exhaustive and mutually exclusive categories. They must account for 100 % of the cake mass. The index closes this to within 0.02 pp and the build asserts it.

Component	Determination	%w/w of cake
Water	Karl Fischer	8.95
Counter-ion	none expected	0.00
Residual solvent + inorganic residue	estimated	0.88
Total peptide content	by difference	90.17
Total		100.00 CLOSES

Supplier certificate, as declared

The supplier's own figures for this lot, beside the independent measurement. Divergence is assessed against the batch median, not against this single report — see rule AX-R05.

Figure	Supplier COA	This report	Index note
Purity (% area)	98.0	98.50	divergence -0.50 pp vs batch median
Total impurities (% area)	not stated	1.50
Largest single impurity (% area)	not stated	0.94
Water (%)	not stated	8.95
Counter-ion (%)	2.3	N/A
Peptide content (%w/w)	93.6	90.17
Endotoxin (EU/mg)	1.89	not determined
Method stated on certificate	YES	—	column, gradient and wavelength given

Section 5

Provenance and caveats

Where a sample came from changes the weight of the evidence. The index treats it as a first-class field.

Sample provenance: Buyer-sourced
Evidentiary weight: Strongest available evidence in this index.
Chain of custody: Retail purchase → submitter (ambient, 11 d) → laboratory (hand-carried, 5 d) → assay.
Assay date: 11 Apr 2026
Submitted to the index: 04 May 2026
Laboratory: Nordanalyt Laboratories, Uppsala, Sweden
Method basis: 35 min gradient · high-resolution MS
Verification status: PURITY ONLY

What this report does not establish

That the compound is the compound named. No identity confirmation was ordered on this submission. A purity figure describes chromatographic homogeneity of whatever eluted; it does not name it.
That the material is free of bacterial endotoxin. Endotoxin was not measured. No chromatographic result bears on it.
That the material is sterile. Sterility was not tested.
That any other vial in the same lot has the same composition. One vial was tested. Within-lot vial-to-vial variation in this index has a median of 0.28 pp and a 90th percentile of 0.74 pp.
That any other lot from the same supplier has the same composition. Batch-to-batch variation is larger than within-batch variation for every supplier here.
That the material is suitable for administration to a human or an animal. These are research compounds. No result on this site is a safety assessment and the index takes no position on use.
That the material was manufactured by the supplier that sold it. Contract synthesis is normal in this market and twenty-nine batches in the index fingerprint to a bulk from a different company than the one named on the label.

Section 6

Annotations 2

Signed technical comments from index contributors. Not a discussion forum — annotations question or contextualise the result, and the data team replies where a reply is warranted.

iso_audit04 May 2026

A certification says what a process is supposed to do. A retail vial says what it did. Both are worth having and only one of them is a measurement.

spec_vs_result04 May 2026

A balance that closes says nothing about whether any of the four values is within specification. Consistency and compliance are different properties and this record demonstrates the first.

Section 7

Related records

Same batch — lot MKM-2602-X4844 n=5

Report	Lot	Lab	Quarter	Purity %	Water %	Recovery %	Provenance	Flags	Result
AX-2026-043008	MKM-2602-X4844	PeptideMeter	2026-Q2	98.39	9.13	94.9	Buyer-sourced	1	FAIL
AX-2026-043009	MKM-2602-X4844	Janoshik	2026-Q2	98.69	8.38	—	Buyer-sourced	1	MARGINAL
AX-2026-043010	MKM-2602-X4844	Janoshik	2026-Q2	98.49	9.00	105.7	Buyer-sourced	2	FAIL
AX-2026-043012	MKM-2602-X4844	PeptideMeter	2026-Q2	98.68	8.77	—	Buyer-sourced	1	MARGINAL

Batch rollup and reproducibility assessment →

Cross-sections

All L-Glutathione (reduced) records n=129
All MKM records n=229
All Nordanalyt records n=545
All 2026-Q2 records n=1126
L-Glutathione (reduced) by supplier
L-Glutathione (reduced) impurity profile

Other recent L-Glutathione (reduced) records in the index.
Report	Supplier	Lot	Lab	Quarter	Purity %	Water %	Recovery %	Provenance	Flags	Result
AX-2026-043429	WXT	WXT-2605-B3833	Nordanalyt	2026-Q3	98.48	6.58	96.9	Supplier-supplied	1	FAIL
AX-2026-043424	WXT	WXT-2605-B3833	PeptideMeter	2026-Q3	98.37	6.86	—	Buyer-sourced	0	FAIL
AX-2026-043166	GL Biochem	GLBI-2606-S7352	Janoshik	2026-Q3	99.01	8.84	105.4	Laboratory-retained	1	MARGINAL
AX-2026-043423	WXT	WXT-2605-B3833	Janoshik	2026-Q3	97.86	6.66	93.4	Buyer-sourced	0	FAIL
AX-2026-043426	WXT	WXT-2605-B3833	Kestrel	2026-Q3	98.83	6.32	—	Supplier-supplied	1	MARGINAL
AX-2026-043425	WXT	WXT-2605-B3833	Janoshik	2026-Q3	98.77	6.35	—	Supplier-supplied	1	MARGINAL
AX-2026-043431	WXT	WXT-2605-B3833	Nordanalyt	2026-Q3	97.94	6.18	—	Buyer-sourced	0	FAIL
AX-2026-043427	WXT	WXT-2605-B3833	Medutest	2026-Q3	97.67	6.08	—	Buyer-sourced	1	FAIL

Other recent MKM records in the index.
Report	Compound	Lot	Lab	Quarter	Purity %	Water %	Recovery %	Provenance	Result
AX-2026-042942	CJC-1295 (no DAC)	MKM-2603-V3346	Janoshik	2026-Q3	99.52	3.43	—	Supplier-supplied	PASS
AX-2026-043019	Adipotide	MKM-2606-K5012	Janoshik	2026-Q3	97.61	5.77	105.1	Buyer-sourced	PASS
AX-2026-042939	CJC-1295 (no DAC)	MKM-2603-V3346	PeptideMeter	2026-Q3	99.44	3.39	—	Buyer-sourced	PASS
AX-2026-043020	Adipotide	MKM-2606-K5012	Medutest	2026-Q3	97.73	5.74	—	Buyer-sourced	PASS
AX-2026-043022	Adipotide	MKM-2606-K5012	Kestrel	2026-Q3	97.69	6.33	106.9	Buyer-sourced	PASS
AX-2026-043023	Adipotide	MKM-2606-K5012	Medutest	2026-Q3	97.48	5.56	103.7	Supplier-supplied	PASS
AX-2026-042945	CJC-1295 (no DAC)	MKM-2603-V3346	PeptideMeter	2026-Q3	99.39	3.54	—	Laboratory-retained	PASS
AX-2026-042938	CJC-1295 (no DAC)	MKM-2603-V3346	Nordanalyt	2026-Q3	99.47	3.67	95.0	Buyer-sourced	PASS