Liraglutide impurity profile
Every named species the index has reported alongside Liraglutide, how often, at what level, and what its presence implies about the synthesis or the handling. Reporting threshold is 0.05 % area; anything below it is invisible to this page and is silently added to the main peak.
Median total impurities
1.00%
n=88
Median largest single
0.52%
n=88
Worst single observed
2.04%
n=88
Named species observed
6 / 6
n=6
| Named species | ΔRT (min) | Δ mass (Da) | Seen in | Median % area | Max % area |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| des-palmitoyl liraglutide (−238 Da) | -3.44 | -238.230 | 95% | 0.20 | 1.56 |
| γ-Glu regioisomer | +0.41 | mass-identical | 92% | 0.06 | 1.20 |
| deamidated (Asn→Asp, +1 Da) | -0.48 | +0.984 | 83% | 0.14 | 1.44 |
| palmitoyl bis-adduct (+238 Da) | +2.88 | +238.230 | 82% | 0.09 | 2.04 |
| des-His1 truncate (−137 Da) | -1.02 | -137.059 | 80% | 0.07 | 0.92 |
| liraglutide dimer | +3.15 | +3748.963 | 72% | 0.05 | 0.79 |
des-palmitoyl liraglutide (−238 Da)
- Retention offset from the main peak
- -3.44 min on RG-2
- Mass difference
- -238.230 Da
- Reported in
- 84 of 88 records (95 %)
- Level when reported
- median 0.20 %, max 1.56 %
- How it separates
- Baseline-resolved on the reference method.
γ-Glu regioisomer
- Retention offset from the main peak
- +0.41 min on RG-2
- Mass difference
- mass-identical — chromatography only
- Reported in
- 81 of 88 records (92 %)
- Level when reported
- median 0.06 %, max 1.20 %
- How it separates
- Chromatography only. A gradient long enough to separate it; no mass spectrometer of any resolution will.
deamidated (Asn→Asp, +1 Da)
- Retention offset from the main peak
- -0.48 min on RG-2
- Mass difference
- +0.984 Da
- Reported in
- 73 of 88 records (83 %)
- Level when reported
- median 0.14 %, max 1.44 %
- How it separates
- Baseline-resolved on the reference method.
palmitoyl bis-adduct (+238 Da)
- Retention offset from the main peak
- +2.88 min on RG-2
- Mass difference
- +238.230 Da
- Reported in
- 72 of 88 records (82 %)
- Level when reported
- median 0.09 %, max 2.04 %
- How it separates
- Baseline-resolved on the reference method.
des-His1 truncate (−137 Da)
- Retention offset from the main peak
- -1.02 min on RG-2
- Mass difference
- -137.059 Da
- Reported in
- 70 of 88 records (80 %)
- Level when reported
- median 0.07 %, max 0.92 %
- How it separates
- Baseline-resolved on the reference method.
liraglutide dimer
- Retention offset from the main peak
- +3.15 min on RG-2
- Mass difference
- +3748.963 Da
- Reported in
- 63 of 88 records (72 %)
- Level when reported
- median 0.05 %, max 0.79 %
- How it separates
- Baseline-resolved on the reference method.
Degradation pathways
Degradants are a handling finding rather than a synthesis finding. A lot that shipped clean and arrived oxidised tells you about the courier, not the chemist.
- palmitoyl amide hydrolysis under alkaline conditions
- fibrillation at the isoelectric point (pH ≈ 4.6) — avoid acidic reconstitution